Standards were created by volumetric dilution departing from a gravimetrically prepared calibration gas mixture composed of 0.3% of n-propane, 0.7% of iso-butane, and 0.8% of n- butane in nitrogen. Sample preparation was kept to a strict minimum and involved simply adding 2.5 microL of a liquid solution of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane in t-butyl-methylether as an internal standard to aliquots of blood in a capped vial. Adequate retention and separation were achieved isothermally at 35 degrees C on a thick-film capillary column. In order to reconcile the large gas volumes injected (0.5 mL) with the narrowbore capillary column and thus achieve preconcentration, cold trapping on a Tenax sorbent followed by flash desorption was applied. Identification and quantitation of the analytes were performed using static headspace extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Its practical applicability is illustrated with a forensic blood sample after acute inhalative intoxication with lighter fluid case history and toxicological findings are included. The newly developed analytical procedure is suitable for both emergency cases and forensic medicine investigations. This report describes a fully elaborated and validated method for quantitation of the hydrocarbons n-propane, iso-butane, and n- butane in blood samples. Quantitative determination of n-propane, iso-butane, and n- butane by headspace GC-MS in intoxications by inhalation of lighter fluid.īouche, Marie-Paule L A Lambert, Willy E Van Bocxlaer, Jan F P Piette, Michel H De Leenheer, André P Optionally, the host cell may further comprise a second enzyme capable of reducing a 3-methyl-2- buten- 1-ol to 3-methyl- butan- 1-ol, such as a reductase. In one embodiment, the method comprises culturing a genetically modified host cell which expresses a first enzyme capable of catalyzing the dephosphorylation of an isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) or dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), such as a Bacillus subtilis phosphatase (YhfR), under a suitable condition so that 5-carbon alcohol is 3-methyl-2- buten- 1-ol and/or 3-methyl-3- buten- 1-ol is produced. The invention provides for a method for producing a 5-carbon alcohol in a genetically modified host cell. Host cells and methods for producing 3-methyl-2- buten- 1-ol, 3-methyl-3- buten- 1-ol, and 3-methyl- butan- 1-olĬhou, Howard H [Berkeley, CA Keasling, Jay D [Berkeley, CA IONIC LIQUID-CATALYZED ALKYLATION OF ISOBUTANE WITH 2- BUTENEĪ detailed study of the alkylation of isobutane with 2- butene in ionic liquid media has been conducted using 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halides?aluminum chloride encompassing various alkyl groups (butyl-, hexyl-, and octyl-) and halides (Cl, Br, and I) on its cations and anions. Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1165 n- Butane and iso-butane. 184.1165 Section 184.1165 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD. 21 Food and Drugs 3 true n- Butane and iso-butane.
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21 Food and Drugs 3 false n- Butane and iso-butane. In addition, negative differential resistance (NDR) is exhibited by the borospherene-cytosine complex, thus opening doors for utilizing it to design advanced electronic nano-devices in the future.21 CFR 184.1165 - n- Butane and iso-butane. The I–V curve showed a different current curve for all the devices, thus proving that borospherene is a suitable candidate to be explored as a biomarker for determining the sequence of nucleobases in DNA. The highest HOMO–LUMO gap was assayed by a borospherene-adenine device. On analysis of the transmission spectra and DOS, HOMO-mediated transmission was visualized in all the borospherene-nucleobase molecular junctions. It is deduced that all DNA nucleobases were physisorbed on the surface of borospherene. In this context, total and adsorption energies, charge transfer, electron densities, transmission spectra, density of states (DOS), molecular energy spectra, HOMO–LUMO gaps, eigenstates, and current–voltage curve were determined. Density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function were utilized to explore the feasibility of borospherene (B 40) as a biomarker for predicting the sequence of individual nucleobases in a DNA strand.